TUAN HAJI ABU BIN HASSAN MEMBERI UCAPAN .
67, Perak Road , 10150 Penang. Tel. No. 04-2281957
Friday, December 31, 2010
賴觀福博士:源自中北習俗‧冬至陽曆計算為準
湯圓分為紅白兩種,紅的是用“紅花膏”染成。
(吉隆坡)大家對冬至的印象,大概就是吃湯圓和老人家所強調的“冬至大過年”的說法。如今很多城市人也許已無法領會到“冬至大過年”或“冬至大如年”的氣氛,可是家中有老人家的家庭,許多依然延續著這個傳統,每年的12月22日都不會忘了迎接冬至的到來。
馬來西亞儒學研究顧問賴觀福博士強調,以南方人來說,遠從古代到現代,因為地理環境、氣候的不同,感受向來都不會比北方人來得深,可是因為中國文化和中國文明都是源自黃河流域,因此節慶也都以北方的傳統為依歸。
“源自先秦的冬至對古代的北方人而言,是一個非常重大的日子,因為它是一年四季中,邁入嚴峻考驗的冬天的第一日,家家戶戶必須作好萬全的準備,以度過寒冷的冬天。”
他說,在這一天,朝廷上下會放假休息,軍隊待命,邊塞閉關,商旅停業,親朋各以美食相贈,相互拜訪,歡樂地過一個“安身靜體”的節日,身為一國之君的皇帝這天也不聽政,他要到郊外舉行祭天大典,非常隆重其事。
他說,朝廷會在冬至過後5天繼續放假,爾後至新年期間,也不會作任何重大決策,百姓們在這期間,也因天寒地冬、無法務農而減少活動。
他表示,基於這個重視,才產生“冬至大如年”的說法。
白天最短黑夜最長
至於很多人疑惑為何冬至是以陽曆計算較準,而非中國奉行的農曆計算,賴觀福的解釋為,中國古代人對冬至的重視,也在於他們必須仰賴這個氣節的變化去判斷他們的農耕和收成日子。古代的中國是一個農耕社會,他們非常強調四季分明,而四季的判斷則必須仰賴24節氣。
賴觀福說,陽曆是以地球繞太陽旋轉計算,地球繞太陽轉一圈就是365又四分之一天;陰曆則是以地球繞月亮計算,一圈約為29至30天,所以每逢初一,必看不到月亮,逢15,則一定月圓。中國人的農曆卻是陽曆和陰曆的結合,也就是包括了20節氣在內。
他說,中國天文學家將圓天份為360度,作為一年時間的分配,自春分起,將春分、夏至、秋分和冬至各放在90度的位置上,所以冬至是以陽曆而論,每年的冬至固定在12月22日,如是閏年,偶爾則會落在12月21日。
他說,冬至這一天,太陽直射南回歸線,對處在北半球黃河流域一帶來說,斜射角度最大,日照最不足,晚上最長;所以也叫“最長的一夜”。過了這一天,太陽直射位置慢慢往北移(往赤道方向),白天就慢慢地變長起來,太陽高度角也逐漸變大。所以在時序的轉進中,自古以來就非常重視冬至這一天,冬至成為重要的節日。
“馬來西亞的華人主要是來自四季不明顯的中國南方,雖然不用接受北方嚴冬的考驗,但因為文明據點以北方為主,南方人也一直沿引這個傳統,並在飄洋過海到大馬打拼時,一拼將這個文化帶著來到這片國土。”
中國南方人吃湯圓
談到冬至吃湯圓的由來,賴觀福表示相信它是由古代冬至吃餛飩演進而來。他說,中國北方人冬至都吃餛飩,可是到了南方,因為南方人以米食為主,不似北方人以麥為主,因此冬至就改為以湯圓取代。
他說,早期的湯圓都是小小圓圓粒狀,取之團圓、圓滿之意,象徵冬至一家人團聚。後來隨著人們對食物要求提高,加入各類餡料,才變出今日(週一,12月21日)各種不同口味的湯圓。
雖然馬來西亞沒有四季之分,冬至也與其他日子沒有明顯差別,可是賴觀福認為,冬至還是有其存在的意義的。
他說,我們這兒沒有冬天,不用作防寒的準備,可是冬至的到來也給了我們一個提示,那就是春節就快到來,得為新年作好準備。
他說,冬至一般與華人農曆新年相差不會超過兩個月。
冬至到來,象徵著舊的一年就要過去了,大家應該趁著新一年的到來,把該完成的工作完成,把應處理的事情處理好,然後以一個全新的自己迎接新的一年。
光明日報‧2009.12.21
Saturday, November 20, 2010
Speech by Dato' Seri Khoo Keat Siew -President of the Penang Buddhist Association
This graduation ceremony today marks a big step in the lives of the 95 pupils who will be entering Standard 1 next year. They will be leaving kindergarten after receiving a good foundation for their primary education. They would have acquired a sound knowledge of the 3Rs-Reading , Writing and Arithmetic which gives them a headstart at the next level of their education. The PBA Kindergarten is acutely aware that preschool education should not be a drudgery to the young children and has tailored the programmes accordingly so that learning can be fun.
The number of Kindergartens in the State, I understand is close to 400. The increase in numbers over the years has affected the enrolment of our Kindergarten. Today the intake of new pupils is about 200 compared to 800 in the Eighties and is likely to be reduced further in the coming years.
Education that begins early in the life of a child would enable the child to become a knowledgeable and creative adult. The inculcating of positive values, skills and good ethics in the learning process will shape his character and prepare him for the challenges in our modern world.
I would like to congratuate the parents for their wisdom in investing in their children's education. If not, when their children grow up they will be sidelined in our community because of their lack of proper education, skills and capabilities.
The Penang Buddhist Association has a good mix of children from the different ethnic groups, Chinese, Malays and Indians.
Kindergartens are conducive to social interaction and children exposed to the cultures and traditions of the other races grow up more tolerant and understanding of one another.
Kindergartens have so far existed without a common syllabus. This position will soon be rectified as the Education Ministry plans to develop a revised curriculum that requires all Kindergartens to follow. This move is to be lauded as it will improve the quality of preschools nation wide. The Education Ministry hopes to make preschool education available to all so that children can have equal access to education, and the opportunity to develop their skills and talents. At present only 60% of Malaysian children attend preschools before starting their primary education.
Before I close I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Headmistress, teachers, staff and parents for another successful year.
The number of Kindergartens in the State, I understand is close to 400. The increase in numbers over the years has affected the enrolment of our Kindergarten. Today the intake of new pupils is about 200 compared to 800 in the Eighties and is likely to be reduced further in the coming years.
Education that begins early in the life of a child would enable the child to become a knowledgeable and creative adult. The inculcating of positive values, skills and good ethics in the learning process will shape his character and prepare him for the challenges in our modern world.
I would like to congratuate the parents for their wisdom in investing in their children's education. If not, when their children grow up they will be sidelined in our community because of their lack of proper education, skills and capabilities.
The Penang Buddhist Association has a good mix of children from the different ethnic groups, Chinese, Malays and Indians.
Kindergartens are conducive to social interaction and children exposed to the cultures and traditions of the other races grow up more tolerant and understanding of one another.
Kindergartens have so far existed without a common syllabus. This position will soon be rectified as the Education Ministry plans to develop a revised curriculum that requires all Kindergartens to follow. This move is to be lauded as it will improve the quality of preschools nation wide. The Education Ministry hopes to make preschool education available to all so that children can have equal access to education, and the opportunity to develop their skills and talents. At present only 60% of Malaysian children attend preschools before starting their primary education.
Before I close I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Headmistress, teachers, staff and parents for another successful year.
01/11/10 (星期日)第四十七届毕业典礼终於于上午十二时圆满的谢幕了。仪式一开始是由全体毕业生唱国歌,佛宝歌及毕业歌。接下来是董事主席拿督斯里邱吉寿上台致词。下来是由园长报告校务。今天董事主席特别颁发纪念品给林清音老师以表扬她这20年来为幼教的付出及贡献,同时也颁发杰出奖给林可欣同学以奖励她校外填色比赛的优越表现。(她一共获得16个奖项;计有一个冠军、三个亚军、一个季军十一个优秀、佳作及安慰奖)
莅临观礼及上台颁奖的董事有拿督斯里邱吉寿,总务曾祥乐先生及周安迪女士。观礼的嘉宾及家长约三百多位。
毕业生代表致谢词的有胡靖暄(华语),Anhusia Devi (国语),谢欣洁(英语)。
余兴节目有Yellow 1 的夏威夷舞;Yellow 2 的骑木马;蓝三(幼二)的龙舟鼓手;蓝二的合唱;蓝一的舞龙灯;蓝五的风筝舞;蓝三的肚皮舞;蓝四的七彩缤纷;Red 1,Red 2 的绅士与拐杖;蓝三的美丽的印度姑娘及Red1,Red2的马来舞;最后以Rasa Sayang 这首歌来谢幕。
Sunday, October 3, 2010
Sunday, September 26, 2010
Sunday, August 8, 2010
Tuesday, August 3, 2010
Saturday, July 3, 2010
庆乔治市入世遗 7月7槟学校列公假
http://www.kwongwah.com.my/news/2010/07/03/32.html
(槟城2日讯)为配合庆祝乔治市被列入世遗2周年,槟州政府较早前宣布7月7日为公共假期,槟州教育局已通知全槟所有396间各源流中小学当天为公假。
槟州教育局副主任阿末达米兹于周五下午,陪同槟州教育局主任依布拉欣出席由槟州元首敦阿都拉曼主持的2010年槟州马来人福利会所颁发的珍珠教育奖学金时,向在场媒体证实这项消息。
阿末达米兹透露,槟州教育局接获教育总监的指示后,于2天前已经发出通知信函予全槟396所由教育局所管辖的各源流中小学,7月7日列为公假。
他说,虽然当天已被列为学校公共假期,但槟州教育局和各相关部门则未接获列公假的指示。
由于这天的公共假期是由槟州政府宣布,因此在来年的7月7日是否还会被列为公假,这将有待槟州政府再作宣布后,才由当局决定。
槟马来人福利会 感谢热心捐助人士
槟州马来人福利会主席拿督再诺阿兹曼在颁发奖学金仪式上致词时感谢所有捐助的热心人士,让110名来自槟州55所小学和55间中学的学生受惠,每名小学生将获得400令吉的奖学金,而中学生是每名500令吉。
他也表示,虽然这项奖学金是由槟州马来人福利会所发出,但是受惠的学生也包括其他种族的学生。
他勉励得奖的学生们要善用所得到的奖学金,并努力求学以开拓学生的未来。
槟州教育局主任依布拉欣则感谢槟州马来人福利会为槟州学生提供这项奖学金,并希望得奖学生的家长们关注儿女的教育,因为教育可以提升日后的生活水准和人民的思想。
(槟城2日讯)为配合庆祝乔治市被列入世遗2周年,槟州政府较早前宣布7月7日为公共假期,槟州教育局已通知全槟所有396间各源流中小学当天为公假。
槟州教育局副主任阿末达米兹于周五下午,陪同槟州教育局主任依布拉欣出席由槟州元首敦阿都拉曼主持的2010年槟州马来人福利会所颁发的珍珠教育奖学金时,向在场媒体证实这项消息。
阿末达米兹透露,槟州教育局接获教育总监的指示后,于2天前已经发出通知信函予全槟396所由教育局所管辖的各源流中小学,7月7日列为公假。
他说,虽然当天已被列为学校公共假期,但槟州教育局和各相关部门则未接获列公假的指示。
由于这天的公共假期是由槟州政府宣布,因此在来年的7月7日是否还会被列为公假,这将有待槟州政府再作宣布后,才由当局决定。
槟马来人福利会 感谢热心捐助人士
槟州马来人福利会主席拿督再诺阿兹曼在颁发奖学金仪式上致词时感谢所有捐助的热心人士,让110名来自槟州55所小学和55间中学的学生受惠,每名小学生将获得400令吉的奖学金,而中学生是每名500令吉。
他也表示,虽然这项奖学金是由槟州马来人福利会所发出,但是受惠的学生也包括其他种族的学生。
他勉励得奖的学生们要善用所得到的奖学金,并努力求学以开拓学生的未来。
槟州教育局主任依布拉欣则感谢槟州马来人福利会为槟州学生提供这项奖学金,并希望得奖学生的家长们关注儿女的教育,因为教育可以提升日后的生活水准和人民的思想。
Saturday, June 26, 2010
Sunday, June 20, 2010
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